John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA:
JFK, ICAO:
KJFK, FAA LID:
JFK)
is an international airport located in the borough of Queens in New
York City, about 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Lower Manhattan. In 2011
it was the busiest international air passenger gateway to the United
States, handling more international traffic than any other airport in
North America.It is also the leading freight gateway to the country by
value of shipments. In 2011, the airport handled 47,809,910 passengers,
making it the 17th busiest airport in the world and sixth busiest in the
United States in terms of passenger traffic. The New York City
metropolitan area’s JFK International, LaGuardia,
and
Newark International airports combine to create the largest airport
system in the United States, second in the world in terms of passenger
traffic, and first in the world in terms of total flight operations. In
the last few years it has made extensive improvements to terminals,
roadways and inter-terminal transportation.
The airport was originally known as
Idlewild Airport until 1963, when it was renamed after John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States.
Over ninety airlines operate out of JFK. It is the base of operations
for JetBlue Airways and is a major international gateway hub for
American Airlines and Delta Air Lines. In the past, it has been a hub
for Eastern Air Lines, Gemini Air Cargo, National Airlines, Pan American
World Airways and Trans World Airlines.
Ground transportation
Rail
The Howard Beach-JFK Airport subway station in Howard Beach
JFK is connected to New York’s subway and commuter rail system by
AirTrain JFK. AirTrain stops at all terminals, parking lots, hotel
shuttle areas, car rental lots, 2 subway stations & the Long Island
Rail Road. It is free within the airport. Travel time between JFK and
Midtown Manhattan is about 40 minutes (depending on the
originating/terminating terminal at JFK) using AirTrain and the Long
Island Rail Road at Jamaica Station; or about 60–70 minutes between JFK
and Downtown Manhattan using AirTrain and the New York City Subway A
train at Howard Beach – JFK Airport station or the E (to Midtown
Manhattan), J and Z (to Downtown Manhattan) trains at Sutphin Boulevard
station.
A Lower Manhattan – Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project has been proposed to connect the AirTrain to Lower Manhattan.
Bus
Several city bus lines link JFK to the New York City Subway and Long
Island Rail Road, including the Q3, Q6, Q7, Q10 (Local/Limited), and
B15, with free transfers provided for subway connections. The B15, Q3,
and Q10 buses all serve the Central Terminal Area via Terminal 5 \
(connection to other terminals via AirTrain JFK), while the Q6 serves
only eastern Cargo Area D, and the Q7 serves only Cargo Area C. There
are also many private bus lines operating express buses to Manhattan,
the Hudson Valley, and Long Island.
Taxi
New York City’s yellow cabs, licensed by the New York City Taxi &
Limousine Commission, offer a flat rate service of $45 from JFK airport
to Manhattan, excluding tips and tolls. Since November 30, 2006, this
flat rate fare (excluding tips and tolls) applies to travel from
Manhattan to JFK as well. Depending on the time of day, taxi travel from
JFK to Midtown Manhattan can be as quick as 35 minutes. Door-to-door
Car Service is another popular transportation option.
Terminals
JFK has seven terminals (ten until the late 1990s and nine until
early 2000s) containing 151 gates, numbered 1–8, but skipping Terminal
6, the former Sundrome, which was demolished in 2011 after Terminal 5
was expanded (the number will remain disused and skipped). The number of
terminals will decrease to six following the expansion of Terminal 4
(currently in progress), at which point Terminal 3 will be demolished
(slated for completion by 2015).
The terminal buildings, with the exception of the former Tower Air
terminal, are arranged in a deformed U-shaped wavy pattern around a
central area containing parking, hotels, a power plant, and other
airport facilities. The terminals are connected by the AirTrain system
and access roads. Wayfinding signage throughout the terminals was
designed by Paul Mijksenaar.A 2006 survey by J.D. Power and Associates
in conjunction with
Aviation Week found JFK ranked second in
overall traveller satisfaction among large airports in the United
States, behind McCarran International Airport which serves the Las Vegas
metropolitan area.
Until the early 1990s, the terminals were known by the primary
airlines that served it, except for Terminal 4, which was known as the
International Arrivals Building. In the early 1990s, all of the
terminals were given numbers except for the Tower Air terminal, which
sat outside the Central Terminals area and was not numbered. Like in the
other airports controlled by the Port Authority, terminals are
sometimes managed and operated by independent terminal operators. At
JFK, all terminals are currently operated by airlines or consortiums of
the airlines serving them, with the exception of the Schiphol
Group-operated Terminal 4.
Terminal 1
The original Terminal 1, built for Eastern Airlines, was demolished circa 1995.
The current Terminal 1 was opened in 1998, 50 years after the opening
of JFK, at the direction of the Terminal One Group, a consortium of
four key operating carriers: Air France, Japan Airlines, Korean Air and
Lufthansa. This partnership was founded after the four airlines reached
agreement that existing international carrier facilities were inadequate
for their needs.
It was designed by William Nicholas
Bodouva + Associates. Terminal 1 has the capability to handle Airbus
A380 aircraft from Air France on the route from Paris Charles De Gaulle,
Lufthansa on the route from Frankfurt Airport and Korean Air on the
route from Incheon Airport; it is one of two terminals (along with
Terminal 4) having the capacity to carry the superjumbo aircraft.
Terminal 1 has 11 gates.
Terminal 2
Terminal 2 was opened in 1962 as the home of Northeast Airlines,
Braniff and Northwest Airlines, and is currently operated by Delta Air
Lines. After the demise of Northeast Airlines and Braniff, the building
was taken over by Pan American World Airways, and subsequently by Delta
Air Lines. It has 7 Jetway-equipped gates (20–22, 26–29) and 17 stands
for Delta Connection carriers (23A–H, 23J, 25K–N, 25P–S). Delta is
currently in the progress of connecting T2 with T4. It is also currently
moving its international operations into T4 and demolishing T3. The
project was approved by the Port Authority on August 5, 2010.
Terminal 3
Terminal 3 was built as the Worldport in 1960 for Pan American, and
substantially expanded for the introduction of the 747 in 1970. Delta
Air Lines currently operates the terminal and is its only occupant, and
has a connector to Terminal 2, Delta’s other terminal at JFK. Terminal 3
has 16 Jetway equipped gates: 1–10, 12, 14–18 with two hardstand gates
(Gate 11) and a helipad on Taxiway ‘KK’.
A $1.2 billion project is under construction, which Terminal 4 is
being expanded, while Delta is moving its current T3 operations.
Terminal 3 will be demolished after Terminal 4′s expansion is complete
in 2013 to provide additional aircraft parking stands to speed up ground
handling, and construct a connector between T2 and T4 for Delta
transfers. T3 would be entirely demolished in 2015, including the
‘flying saucer’ roof.
Terminal 4
Terminal 4, the international terminal, is able to handle the Airbus
A380 and was developed by LCOR, Inc and is managed by the Schiphol
Group. It was the first airport terminal in the United States to be
managed by a foreign airport operator. Terminal 4 is the major gateway
for international arrivals at JFK. Opened in 2001 and designed by
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill,
[53] the new 1,500,000-square-foot (140,000 m
2)
building was built at a cost of $1.4 billion and replaced JFK’s old
International Arrivals Building, or simply IAB, which opened in 1957.
Terminal 4 has 17 gates in two concourses: A2–A7, B20, B22–B31. The
number of gates is currently being expanded to allow all of Delta Air
Lines international flights to be operated from Terminal 4. A photo was
released which shows additional expansion of T4 to include “regional
jet” gates, although this phase has not yet been officially confirmed.
As of 2012, the work on the Delta hub has commenced, with funding
primarily from $900 million in special-project bonds.
Concourse A has six gates, numbered A2–A7. Concourse B has eleven
gates, numbered B20–B31, with the exclusion of B21. As Terminal 4 was
built during the construction of the AirTrain, the AirTrain station was
built inside the terminal building. Other AirTrain stations are built
across from terminal buildings. Terminal 4’s expansive shopping mall
offers a wide range of retail options before security so passengers and
their families can enjoy shopping and dining together. Four chapels are
located on the fourth floor (departure level). Delta Air Lines has also
moved its operations to T4, as it expands operations beyond T2.
The terminal is currently being expanded, including nine new
international gates, additional baggage space, customs and
border-security facilities, and serves many international airlines
daily, including Aer Lingus, Brazilian leading carrier TAM Airlines, and
several from the east, such as EgyptAir, Emirates, and Etihad Airways.
Terminal 5
![File:JFK Terminal 5 Ticketing and Check-In.jpg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/JFK_Terminal_5_Ticketing_and_Check-In.jpg/800px-JFK_Terminal_5_Ticketing_and_Check-In.jpg)
Terminal 5 is operated by JetBlue Airways, its main occupant, and
opened in 2008. The terminal is known for its many gift shops and
gourmet restaurants, including a steak house and a sushi restaurant. It
sits behind the preserved Eero Saarinen-designed terminal originally
known as the TWA Flight Center, which is now connected to the new
structure and is considered part of T5. The Saarinen building is
currently closed for refurbishment; it is unclear when the building will
reopen or what purpose it will have. Saarinen also designed the
terminal at Washington Dulles International Airport; at the Noyes House
dormitory at Vassar College, the lounge is affectionately called The
Jetsons lounge because of its curved architecture. The active T5
building has 26 gates: 1–12, 14–27. There is no gate 13 at T5. The
terminal is also used by Hawaiian Airlines, which announced a
partnership agreement with JetBlue and began service in Terminal 5 in
June 2012.Aer Lingus will also move to the terminal from Terminal 4
beginning in the first quarter of 2013. On May 31, 2012, JetBlue
announced that the Port Authority had approved an expansion to T5 in
order to accommodate international arrivals, where as now non-cleared
international JetBlue flights arrive at Terminal 4. The new area will be
known as T5i and is tentatively scheduled for completion in 2015.
Terminal 7
Terminal 7 was designed by GMW Architects
and built for
BOAC and Air Canada in 1970. It is currently operated by British
Airways. This terminal is the only terminal owned and operated by a
foreign carrier on US soil. A variety of Oneworld alliance carriers
operate out of Terminal 7 at this time, including British Airways,
Cathay Pacific, Iberia (which is owned by the same parent company as
British Airways), and Qantas. Star Alliance carriers United Airlines, US
Airways and ANA also use the terminal. Between 1989 and 1991, the
terminal was renovated and expanded at a cost of $120 million. The
expansion was designed by William Nicholas Bodouva + Associates,
Architects.
In 1997, the Port Authority entered an agreement
with British Airways to renovate and expand the terminal. The $251
million project was designed by Corgan Associatesand was completed in
2003. The renovated terminal has 12 gates.
On May 21, 2008, British Airways announced that it would undertake a
$30 million, 18-month-long project to enhance its premium ground
facilities at the terminal. British Airways is currently evaluating the
future of Terminal 7, as its lease with the Port Authority ends in 2015.
Management has indicated a desire to relocate British Airways/Iberia’s
operations to a new pier located east and connected to Terminal 8,
pending approval of an alliance with American Airlines.
Terminal 8
In 1999, American Airlines began an eight-year program to build the
largest passenger terminal at JFK, designed by DMJM Aviation to replace
both Terminal 8 and Terminal 9. The new terminal was built in four
phases, which involved the construction of a new midfield concourse,
demolition of the old Terminal 9, and finally demolition of the old
Terminal 8. It opened in stages between 2005 and had its “official”
opening in August 2007.It is a major Oneworld hub, and American Airlines
is the major Oneworld carrier at Terminal 8. American operates Terminal
8, is the largest carrier in the terminal, and is the third largest
carrier at JFK. In addition to operations at Terminal 7, some Oneworld
airlines including Finnair, Royal Jordanian Airlines, and LAN Airlines
(and its affiliates) operate out of Terminal 8. Jet Airways and Qatar
Airways also operates its flights out of Terminal 8.
The terminal is twice the size of Madison Square Garden. It offers
dozens of retail and food outlets, 84 ticket counters, 44 self-service
kiosks, 10 security checkpoint lanes and a U.S. Customs and Border
Protection facility that can process more than 1,600 people an hour.
Terminal 8 has an annual capacity of 12.8M passengers.
It has two American Airlines Admirals Clubs and a Flagship Lounge for premium class passengers.
Terminal 8 has 29 gates: 12 gates in Concourse B (1–8, 10, 12, 14, and 16) and 17 gates in Concourse C (31–47).
Gate 31 is further subdivided into 5 regional service gates for small
jets, 31A–31E. Gate 32 is subdivided into 4 regional service gates for
small jets, 32F–32I. The total number of jetbridges is, therefore, 36.
Passenger access to Concourse C is by an underground tunnel which
includes moving walkways. Of interest are a history of American Airlines
logos on display between the security checkpoint and the concourses.
Airlines and destinations
Airlines |
Destinations |
Terminal(s) |
Aer Lingus |
Dublin
Seasonal: Shannon |
4 |
Aeroflot |
Moscow-Sheremetyevo |
1 |
Aeroméxico |
Mexico City
Seasonal: Cancún |
1 |
Aerosvit Airlines |
Kiev-Boryspil |
4 |
Air Berlin |
Berlin-Brandenburg [begins March 17, 2013], Berlin-Tegel [ends March 16, 2013], Düsseldorf |
8 |
Air Canada Express operated by Jazz Air |
Toronto-Pearson |
7 |
Air China |
Beijing-Capital |
1 |
Air Europa |
Seasonal: Madrid |
4 |
Air France |
Paris-Charles de Gaulle |
1 |
Air India |
Delhi, Mumbai |
4 |
Alitalia |
Milan-Malpensa, Rome-Fiumicino |
1 |
All Nippon Airways |
Tokyo-Narita |
7 |
American Airlines |
Antigua, Barbados, Barcelona, Bermuda, Boston, Brussels [ends
November 5, 2012], Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Cancún, Caracas, Chicago-O’Hare,
Dallas/Fort Worth, Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, London-Heathrow, Los
Angeles, Madrid, Manchester (UK), Miami, Milan-Malpensa, Orlando,
Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Port-au-Prince, Punta Cana [ends August 20,
2012], Rio de Janeiro-Galeão, St. Kitts, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, San
Diego, San Francisco, San Juan, Santiago de los Caballeros, Santo
Domingo, São Paulo-Guarulhos, Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa, Tokyo-Haneda,
Zürich
Charter: Havana
Seasonal: Austin, Eagle/Vail, Rome-Fiumicino, San José (Costa Rica) |
8 |
American Eagle |
Baltimore, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus (OH), Indianapolis,
Montréal-Trudeau, Nashville, Norfolk, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham,
Toronto-Pearson, Washington-National |
8 |
Arik Air |
Lagos |
4 |
Asiana Airlines |
Seoul-Incheon |
4 |
Austrian Airlines |
Vienna |
1 |
Avianca |
Bogotá, Medellín-Córdova |
4 |
British Airways |
London-City, London-Heathrow |
7 |
Brussels Airlines |
Brussels |
1 |
Caribbean Airlines |
Georgetown, Grenada, Kingston, Montego Bay, Port of Spain, Tobago |
4 |
Cathay Pacific |
Hong Kong, Vancouver |
7 |
Cayman Airways |
Grand Cayman |
1 |
China Airlines |
Osaka-Kansai, Taipei-Taoyuan |
4 |
China Eastern Airlines |
Shanghai-Pudong |
1 |
Copa Airlines |
Panama City |
4 |
Delta Air Lines |
Abuja, Accra, Amsterdam, Antigua, Aruba, Atlanta, Austin, Barcelona,
Bogotá, Brussels, Dakar, Denver, Detroit, Dublin, Fort Lauderdale, Fort
Myers [begins December 15, 2012], Frankfurt, Georgetown, Grand Cayman,
Grenada, Las Vegas, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Madrid, Mexico City,
Miami, Milan-Malpensa, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montego Bay, Monrovia,
Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Orlando, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Phoenix,
Pittsburgh, Port-au-Prince, Portland (OR), Punta Cana, St. Thomas, Salt
Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan, Santiago de
los Caballeros, Santo Domingo-Las Américas, São Paulo-Guarulhos,
Seattle/Tacoma, St. Maarten [begins December 15, 2012], Tampa, Tel
Aviv-Ben Gurion, Tokyo-Narita, Venice-Marco Polo, Washington-National
Seasonal: Athens, Copenhagen, Istanbul-Atatürk, Málaga,
Nice, Pisa, Reykjavík-Keflavík, Prague, Rome-Fiumicino, Shannon,
Stockholm-Arlanda, Valencia, Zürich [ends September 30, 2012] |
2, 3, 4 |
Delta Connection operated by Chautauqua Airlines |
Buffalo, Charleston (SC) , Charlotte, Cleveland, Columbus (OH),
Dayton, Greensboro, Louisville, Norfolk, Pittsburgh, Raleigh/Durham,
Richmond, Rochester (NY), Syracuse, Washington-Dulles |
2 |
Delta Connection operated by Comair |
Baltimore, Boston, Chicago-O’Hare, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Richmond, St. Louis, Washington-National
Seasonal: Charlottetown, Nantucket [all end September 29, 2012} |
2 |
Delta Connection operated by GoJet Airlines |
Milwaukee, Pittsburgh, St. Louis |
2 |
Delta Connection operated by Pinnacle Airlines |
Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Charlotte, Chicago-O'Hare, Cleveland,
Columbus (OH), Dallas/Fort Worth, Elmira/Corning [ends November 1, 2012][70],
Halifax, Hartford, Indianapolis, Jacksonville, Kansas City, Memphis
[begins September 5, 2012], Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul,
Montréal-Trudeau, Nashville, New Orleans, Norfolk, Philadelphia,
Pittsburgh, Richmond, Rochester (NY), Syracuse, Toronto-Pearson,
Washington-Dulles, Washington-National
Seasonal: Martha’s Vineyard |
2 |
EgyptAir |
Cairo |
4 |
El Al |
Tel Aviv-Ben Gurion |
4 |
Emirates |
Dubai |
4 |
Etihad Airways |
Abu Dhabi |
4 |
EVA Air |
Taipei-Taoyuan |
1 |
Finnair |
Helsinki |
8 |
Hawaiian Airlines |
Honolulu |
5 |
Iberia |
Madrid |
7 |
Icelandair |
Reykjavík-Keflavík |
7 |
Interjet |
Mexico City |
1 |
Japan Airlines |
Tokyo-Narita |
1 |
Jet Airways |
Brussels, Chennai [all services end September 10, 2012][71] |
8 |
JetBlue Airways |
Aguadilla, Aruba, Austin, Barbados, Bermuda, Boston, Buffalo,
Burbank, Burlington (VT), Cancún, Cartagena [begins November 2, 2012],[72]
Charlotte, Chicago-O’Hare, Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers,
Houston-Hobby, Jacksonville, Kingston, La Romana, Las Vegas, Liberia,
Long Beach, Los Angeles, Montego Bay, Nassau, New Orleans, Oakland,
Orlando, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Ponce, Portland (ME), Portland (OR),
Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham, Rochester
(NY), Sacramento, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, Salt Lake City, Samaná [begins
November 14, 2012],[73] San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose
(CA), San Juan, Santiago de los Caballeros, Santo Domingo-Las Américas,
Sarasota, Seattle/Tacoma, Syracuse, Tampa, Washington-Dulles, West Palm
Beach
Seasonal: Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket |
4, 5 |
KLM |
Amsterdam |
4 |
Korean Air |
Seoul-Incheon |
1 |
Kuwait Airways |
Kuwait, London-Heathrow |
4 |
LAN Airlines |
Lima, Santiago de Chile |
8 |
LAN Ecuador |
Guayaquil |
8 |
LAN Perú |
Lima [begins November 3, 2012] |
8 |
LOT Polish Airlines |
Warsaw-Chopin |
4 |
Lufthansa |
Frankfurt, Munich |
1 |
Meridiana Fly |
Seasonal: Naples, Palermo |
1 |
Pakistan International Airlines |
Karachi, Lahore, Manchester (UK) |
4 |
Qantas |
Sydney3 |
7 |
Qatar Airways |
Doha |
8 |
Royal Air Maroc |
Casablanca |
1 |
Royal Jordanian |
Amman-Queen Alia |
8 |
Saudia |
Jeddah, Riyadh |
1 |
Singapore Airlines |
Frankfurt, Singapore |
4 |
Sky King, Inc. |
Charter: Havana |
7 |
South African Airways |
Johannesburg |
4 |
Sun Country Airlines |
Minneapolis/St. Paul |
4 |
Swiss International Air Lines |
Geneva, Zürich |
4 |
TACA Airlines |
San Salvador, San Pedro Sula |
4 |
TACA Airlines operated by Lacsa |
San José (Costa Rica) |
4 |
TAM Airlines |
Rio de Janeiro-Galeão, São Paulo-Guarulhos |
4 |
Transaero Airlines |
Moscow-Domodedovo |
4 |
Turkish Airlines |
Istanbul-Atatürk |
1 |
United Airlines |
Los Angeles, San Francisco |
7 |
United Express operated by ExpressJet |
Washington-Dulles |
7 |
US Airways |
Charlotte, Phoenix |
7 |
Uzbekistan Airways |
Riga, Tashkent |
4 |
Virgin America |
Las Vegas, Los Angeles, San Francisco |
4 |
Virgin Atlantic Airways |
London-Heathrow |
4 |
XL Airways France |
Seasonal: Paris-Charles de Gaulle |
4 |
Official site
: http://www.jfkiat.com/
Page source
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport